Laser and Non-Linear Optical Crystals

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KTP (KTIOPO4 – Potassium Titanyl Phosphate)

Applications	Features
Harmonic Generation / Frequency Doubling:	Optically transparent between 0.35µm - 3.5µm
Optical Parametric Oscillator:	High harmonic conversion efficiency
Electro-optic Pockels Cells:	Damage thresholds up to 1 GW/cm2
Quasi Phase Matching:	Thermally and mechanically stable
Available Sizes
1mm x 1mm x 3mm minimum, contact SYNOPTICS for maximum size capabilities
Hydrothermal Growth
Our KTP is grown Hydrothermally to insure homogenous, consistent properties
Material Properties
Crystal Structure:	Orthorhombic, Space Group Pna 21
Lattice Parameters:	a = 12.814Â, b = 6.404Â, c = 10.616Â
Melting Point:	~1150°C with Partial Decomposition
Mohs Hardness:	~5
Density:	3.03g/cm³
Specific Heat:	0.1737cal/g°C
Thermal Conductivity:	k1 = 2.0, k2 = 3.0, k3 = 3.3 (x10-2W/cm/°C)
Absorption Loss @ 1.064mm:	< 1%/cm
Nonlinear Optical Coefficients (x10^-12 m/V):	d31 = 6.5, d32 = 5.0, d33 = 13.7, d24 = 7.6, d15 = 6.1
Refractive Indices @ 1.064mm:	nx = 1.740, ny = 1.747, nz = 1.830
Refractive Indices @.532mm:	nx = 1.779, ny = 1.790, nz = 1.887
Type Phase Matching:	Type II
Phase Matching Angle @1.064mm:	24° to x in xy plane
Temperature Bandwidth:	25°C-cm

Datasheet

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TI:Sapphire – TI: AL2O3

Structural & Thermal Properties
Formula:	Ti³⁺:Al₂O₃
Crystal System:	Hexagonal
Unit Cell Dimensions (as if hexagonal)	a = 4.759Å c = 12.99Å
X-Ray Density:	3.98g/cm³
Melting Point:	2050°C
Thermal Expansion: at 323 K	┴ c5x10-6K-1 \|\| c6.6x10-6K-1
Thermal Conductivity: 300K	┴ c30W/m•K \|\| c32W/m•K
Hardness:	Mohs: 9, Knoop: ┴ c2200kgmm-2 \|\| c1900kgmm2
Young's Modulus:	345GPa
Specific Heat: at 293K	770Jkg^-1K^-1
Thermal Shock parameter, R_T:	34W/cm
General Specifications
Diameter Tolerance:	+0.000"/-0.002"
Chamfer:	0.005"±0.003" @ 45°
Barrel Finish:	55μinches
Perpendicularity:	within 5arc minutes
Parallelism:	10arc - seconds or less
Rod End Face Flatness:	within λ/10 wave at 633nm wavelength
Surface Quality:	< 1.5Årms surface roughness
Wave Front Distortion:	less than 1/2 wave per inch of length (measured at 1 micron)
Standard Coating:	Anti-Reflection with R < 0.25%
Optical Properties
Absorption coefficient (Ti3+), αcm-1 (at 532nm):	0.50 to 6.0cm^-1
Figure of Merit, FOM (α532nm/α800nm)	> 150
Refractive index at 1.06 µm2	n_o = 1.75449 n_e = 1.74663
Refractive Index Temperature Coefficient: visible wavelengths near 25°C 3	13x10-6K^-1
Brewster angle:	60.4°
Fluorescence lifetime at 300K:	3.0µs

Datasheet

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Ruby (694 NM)

Structural & Thermal Properties
Formula:	Cr³⁺: Al₂O₃
Crystal System:	Trigonal
Unit Cell Dimensions (as if hexagonal)	a = 4.785Å c = 12.99Å
X-Ray Density:	3.98g/cm³
Melting Point:	2040°C
Thermal Expansion: at 323 K:	┴ c5x10-6K-1 \|\| c6.7x10-6K-1
Thermal Conductivity: 300K:	28W/m•K
Hardness:	Mohs: 9, Knoop: 2000kgmm^-2
Young's Modulus:	345GPa
Specific Heat: at 291K:	761Jkg^-1K^-1
Thermal Stress Resistance parameter, RT:	34W/cm
General Specifications
Diameter Tolerance:	+0.000"/-0.002"
Chamfer:	0.005"±0.003" @ 45°
Barrel Finish:	30 ± 5μinches
Perpendicularity:	within 5arcminutes
Parallelism:	30arc - seconds or less
Rod End Face Flatness:	within λ/10 wave at 632nm wavelength
Surface Quality:	10 - 5 scratch-dig per MIL-O-13830A
Wave Front Distortion:	less than 1/2 wave per inch of length (measured at 1micron)
Standard Coating:	Anti-Reflection where R < 0.25% @ 694nm
Laser rod orientation:	60±5° from the c-axis

Absorption Spectrum Datasheet

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Alexandrite – Allexite (710 NM - 800 NM)

Ordering Options & Specifications
%Cr Concentration:	0.13% (0.10% to 0.20% available)
Wavefront Distortion (per inch of rod length):	l/2
End Face Parallelism:	< 30arc seconds
Material Properties
Formula:	Be(Al_1-xCr_x)₂O₄
Crystal Structure:	Orthorhombic
Unit Cell Dimensions (Å)	9.404(a) x 5.476(b) x 4.427(c)
Thermal Expansion (x 10-6 °C-1):	6.30(a) x 6.00(b) x 6.50(c)
Index of Refraction (at 750 nm):	1.7367(a) x 1.7241(b) x 1.7346(c)
Melting Point:	1870°C
Vickers Hardness:	2000kgmm^-2
Density:	3.7g/cm³
Thermal Conductivity:	0.23Wcm^-1K^-1
Young's Modulus:	469GPa
Thermal Shock Resistance:	35 - 74W/cm
dn/dT:	8x10^-6K^-1

Absorption Spectrum Datasheet

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ND:YLF (1047NM and 1053NM)

Advantages
Low Thermal Lensing, Large Fluorescence, Linewidth, Birfringent,
Applications
High Power, Short Pulse, Amplifiers
Ordering Options and Specifications
(Tolerance +/- 0.10% and +/- 0.20%):	1%, 1.5%, or 2.0%
Wavefront Distortion (per inch of rod length):	l/4
End Face Parallelism:	< 10 arc seconds
Material Properties
Formula:	Nd:LiYF₄
Crystal Structure:	Tetragonal
Growth Direction:	Along a axis [100]
Moh Hardness:	4 - 5
Melting Point:	825°C
Density:	3.95g/cm³
Thermal Conductivity:	0.06W/cm°C
Heat Capacity:	0.79Jg^-1K^-1
Thermal Expansion: (x 10^-6 Â°C^-1)	13 (along a axis) 8 (along c axis)
Index of Refraction at 633 nm:	1.453 (e ray) 1.476 (o ray)
Index of Refraction at 1064 nm:	1.448 (e ray) 1.470 (o ray)
Young's Modulus:	7.65x10⁸g/cm²
Poisson's Ratio:	0.33

Absorption Spectrum Datasheet

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CR, ER:YSGG (2940 NM)

Ordering Options and Specifications
%Er Concentration:	30%
%Cr Concentration:	2%
Wavefront Distortion (per inch of rod length):	l/2
End Face Parallelism:	30arc seconds
Material Properties
Formula	Y_2.93Sc_1.43Ga_3.64O₁₂
Crystal Structure	Cubic
Moh Hardness	8
Density	5.67g/cm³
Thermal Conductivity	8Wm^-1K^-1
dn/dT²	12x10^-6K^-1
Index of Refraction	1.92 at 1mm

Absorption Spectrum Datasheet

Cr, Tm, Ho:YAG (2080 nm)

CTH:YAG Advantages
High-efficiency 2µm source
Laser diode sources can pump the strong 780nm Tm³⁺ ion absorption line
Operates in a relatively eye-safe wavelength range
Ordering Options and Specifications
%Cr Concentration:	0.85%
%Tm Concentration:	5.9%
%Ho Concentration:	0.36%
Wavefront Distortion (per inch of rod length):	< l/2
End Face Parallelism:	< 30arc seconds
Material Properties
Formula:	Cr³⁺, Tm³⁺, Ho³⁺:Y₃Al₅O₁₂
Crystal Orientation:	Cubic [111]
Density:	4.7g/cm³
Index of Refraction:	1.80 at 2080nm
Fluorescence Lifetime:	8.5ms
Emission Cross Section²:	7x10^-21cm²

Absorption Spectrum Datasheet

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Nd:YAG (1064 nm)

Advantages
High Gain, Low Threshold, High Efficiency,
Low Loss at 1.06µm, High Optical Quality,
Good Mechanical and Thermal Properties
Ordering Options and Specifications
(Tolerance +/- 0.10% and +/- 0.20%):	0.6% - 1.3%
Wavefront Distortion (per inch of rod length):	Standard Grade = l/4 Opto-Lase Grade = l/16
End Face Parallelism:	< 10arc seconds
Extinction Ratio:	25dB Minimum
Material Properties (1% Nd)
Formula:	Y_2.97Nd_0.03Al₅O₁₂
Crystal Structure:	Cubic [111]
Moh Hardness:	8 - 8.5
Melting Point:	1950°C (3540°F)
Density:	4.55g/cm³
Thermal Conductivity:	0.14Wcm^-1K^-1
Thermal Expansion:	6.9x10^-6oC^-1
dn/dT:	7.3x10^-6oC^-1
Index of Refraction:	1.8197 at 1.0mm
Poisson Ratio:	0.25
Fluorescent Lifetime:	230Âµs
Cross Section:	7.6x10^-19cm²
Young's Modulus:	3.17x10⁴kg/mm²
Thermal Shock Resistance:	790Wm^-1

Absorption Spectrum - 1% Nd-doped YAG Absorption Spectrum - 0.62% Nd-doped YAG Datasheet

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ER:YAG (2940 NM)

Material Parameters
Host:	Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Y₃AI₅O₁₂)
Dopant:	Erbium (Er³⁺)
Dopant Concentration:	50Atomic% (~7x10²¹cm^-3)
Orientation:	[111] crystallographic directions (±5°)
Wavefront Distortion:	1/2 wave per inch of length
End Configuration
Flatness:	within λ/10 wave at 633nm wavelength
Parallelism:	within 30seconds of arc
Perpendicularity:	within 5minutes of arc
Surface Quality:	scratch-dig 10 - 5 per MIL-O-13830A
Anti-Reflection End Coatings
Reflectivity:	less than 0.25% at 2.94microns
Adhesion and Durability:	meets MIL-C-48497A standards
Pulsed Damage Threshold:	greater than 10J/cm²

Absorption Spectrum Datasheet

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